Phonetics

Celticist

Holmer's phonetic transcription

Pronunciation of the written characters

Consonants

		Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar
Plosive	Voiced	b, bˈ			d		kˈ	k
	Unvoiced	p, pˈ			t		gˈ	g
Nasal	Voiced	m, mˈ	ṽ		n		ɳˈ	ɳ
	Unvoiced				n̥		n̥ˈ	ɳ̥
Trill	Voiced				r	ʃ, ʧ	r
	Unvoiced				r̥	ʤ, ʒ	r̥
Fricative	Voiced		f, fˈ	þ			ç	x
	Unvoiced		v, v'	ð				γ
Approximant	Voiced						j
Lateral approximant	Voiced			l, ł			l
	Unvoiced			l̥, ł̥			l̥ˈ

Vowels

	Front	Near-Front	Central	Near-back	Back
	unrounded	unrounded		Rounded	unrounded	rounded
Close	i, iː				ʎ
Near-close		α, E		u
Close-mid	e, eː, E				ö	o, o:
			ə
Open-mid	ɛ, ɛː					ɔ, ɔ:
Open	a, a:				a

IPA

International Phonetic Alphabet

Consonants

		Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar
Plosive	Voiced	\			t̞		c	k
	Unvoiced	p, p̘			d̞		ɟ	g
Nasal	Voiced	m, m̘	ɱ		n̞		ɲ	ŋ
	Unvoiced				n̥		ɲ̥	ŋ̥
Trill	Voiced				r		rʲ
	Unvoiced				r̥		r̥ʲ
Fricative	Voiced		f, f̘	θ		ʂ, ʧ̪̥	ç	x
	Unvoiced		v, v̘	ð		d͡ʒ, ʒ		ɣ
Approximant	Voiced						j
Lateral approximant	Voiced			l, ɫ
	Unvoiced			l̥, ɫ̥			ʎ

Vowels

	Front	Near-Front	Central	Near-back	Back
	unrounded	unrounded		Rounded	unrounded	rounded
Close	i, iː				ɯ
Near-close		ɪ, ɪ̹		ʊ
Close-mid	e, eː, eˑ				ɤ	o, o:
			ə
Open-mid	ɛ, ɛː					ɔ, ɔ:
Open	a, aː				ɑ