Noun Declensions
Regular Nouns
Summary of Regular noun conjugations in Rathlin Irish
Declension |
Singular |
Plural |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Nominative |
Genitive |
||
1st |
(a) |
Bachlach |
Bachlaigh |
Bachlach |
Bachlaigh |
Bachlach |
(b) |
focal |
focail |
focal |
Foclan |
foclain |
|
(c) |
eilean |
Eileain/eilean |
eilean |
eileanadh |
Eilean/eileanadh |
|
2nd |
(a) |
cailleach |
caillighe |
cailleach |
cailleachan |
Cailleach |
(b) |
eaglais |
Na h-eaglaise |
eaglais |
|
|
|
3rd |
(a) |
gamhain |
gamhna |
|
gamhna |
Gamhana |
(b) |
míos |
míosa |
|
Míosan |
|
|
(c) |
toigh |
toighe |
|
toighean |
Toighean |
|
4th |
|
báta |
báta |
|
bátan |
Bátan |
5th |
(a) |
caora |
caorach |
|
caoraigh |
Caorach |
(b) |
uamha |
uamhadh |
uamhaidh |
Uamhachan |
|
|
(c) |
abhainn |
Abhann |
|
|
|
|
(d) |
piúr |
peathar |
|
peathran |
|
Breakdown
First Declension
· Usually masculine
· Nom. & Dat. end in a broad consonant (attenuated in gen. & voc.)
· Nom., dat., voc., plural formed either:
(a) Like genitive singular (nouns ending in -(e)ach; -an; (e)adh
(b) By addition of (-an)
(c) By addition of (-adh)
· Gen. Plural identical to nom. Singular
Category |
Singular |
Plural |
||||||
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Vocative |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Vocative |
|
(a) |
Bachlach |
Bachlaigh |
Bachlach |
Bachlaigh |
Bachlaigh |
Bachlach |
Bachlaigh |
Bachlach |
Radan
|
radain |
Radan |
radain |
radain |
Radan |
radain |
Radan |
|
Madadh |
madaidh |
Madadh |
madaidh |
madaidh |
madadh |
madaidh |
madadh |
|
tarbh |
Tairbh
(toirbh) |
tarbh |
tairbh
(toirbh) |
Tairbh
(toirbh) |
tarbh |
tairbh
(toirbh) |
Tarbh |
|
each |
eich |
each |
Eich |
eich |
each |
eich |
Each |
|
éan |
Éin |
éan |
Éin |
Éin |
éan |
Éin |
éan |
|
ceann |
Cinn |
ceann |
Cinn |
Cinn |
ceann |
Cinn |
ceann |
|
crann |
croinn |
crann |
croinn |
croinn |
crann |
croinn |
crann |
|
(b) |
focal |
Focail |
focal |
Focail |
Foclan |
foclan |
Foclain |
foclan |
doras |
Dorais |
doras |
Dorais |
doirsean |
|
doirsean |
|
|
bonn |
boinn |
bonn |
boinn |
buinn |
|
buinn |
|
|
fóid |
|
fóid |
|
Fóidean |
|
Fóidean |
|
|
Ceol |
Ceoil |
Ceol |
Ceoil |
Ceolta/ceoltan |
|
Ceolta/ceoltan |
|
|
scéal |
Scéil |
scéal |
Scéil |
Scéalt(a) |
|
Scéalt(a) |
|
|
blár |
Bláir |
blár |
Bláir |
blárthan |
|
blárthan |
|
|
Drár |
Dráir |
Drár |
Dráir |
dráirthean |
|
dráirthean |
|
|
leabhar |
Leabhair |
leabhar |
Leabhair |
Leabharthan |
|
Leabharthan |
|
|
gabhar |
gabhair |
gabhar |
gabhair |
Gabhair/goirthean |
|
Gabhair/goirthean |
|
|
(c) |
eilean |
Eileain/eilean |
eilean |
Eileain/eilean |
eileanadh |
Eilean/eileanadh |
eileanadh |
Eilean/eileanadh |
sneoinean |
|
sneoinean |
|
Sneoineadh |
Sneoineadh |
Sneoineadh |
Sneoineadh |
|
boitean |
|
boitean |
|
Boiteanadh |
Boiteanadh |
Boiteanadh |
Boiteanadh |
|
chicken |
|
chicken |
|
Chickenadh/ Chickenaigh |
Chickenadh/ Chickenaigh |
Chickenadh/ Chickenaigh |
Chickenadh/ Chickenaigh |
Second Declension
· Usually feminine
· broad or slender consonant
· Nom. singular. end in either
(a) Broad consonant
(b) Slender consonant
· Gen. singular end in (-e)
· Endings include -(e)og; -(e)ach
Category |
Singular |
Plural |
||||||
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Vocative |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Vocative |
|
(a) |
cailleach |
caillighe |
cailleach |
cailleach |
cailleachan |
Cailleach |
cailleachan |
cailleachan |
fideog |
fideoige |
fideog |
fideog |
fideogan |
Fideog(an) |
fideogan |
fideogan |
|
muc |
muice |
muc |
muc |
mucan |
muc |
mucan |
mucan |
|
long |
loinge |
Long |
long |
longan |
long |
longan |
Longan |
|
grian |
gréine |
grian |
grian |
|
grian |
|
|
|
fiolar |
fiolaire |
fiolar |
fiolar |
fiolaran |
fiolar |
fiolaran |
fiolaran |
|
faoleann |
faolinne |
faoleann |
faoleann |
|
faoleann |
|
|
|
píop |
pípe |
píop |
píop |
piopan |
píop |
piopan |
piopan |
|
cearc |
Circe |
cearc |
cearc |
cearcan |
cearc |
cearcan |
cearcan |
|
tonn |
Tuinne |
tuinn |
tonn |
tonnan |
tonn |
tonnan |
tonnan |
|
Fras, frais |
Frois(e) |
Fras, frais |
Fras, frais |
frasan |
Fras, frais |
frasan |
frasan |
|
Gaoth |
Gaoithe |
Gaoth |
Gaoth |
|
Gaoth |
|
|
|
bos |
boise |
bos |
bos |
bosan |
Bos |
Bosan |
bosan |
|
cos |
coise |
cois |
cos |
cosan |
cos |
cosan |
cosan |
|
Cloch |
Cloiche |
Cloch |
Cloch |
clocha |
cloch |
clocha |
clocha |
|
leac |
lice |
lic |
leac |
leic |
leac |
|
|
|
clann |
Cloinne |
Cloinn |
clann |
|
clann |
|
|
|
Márthan |
márthan |
Márthan |
Márthan |
Márthanadh |
Márthan |
Márthanadh |
Márthanadh |
|
(b) |
eaglais |
Na h-eaglaise |
eaglais |
eaglais |
eaglaisean |
eaglais |
eaglaisean |
eaglaisean |
|
banais |
bainnse |
banais |
banais |
banaisean |
banais |
banaisean |
banaisean |
|
beinn |
Beinne |
beinn |
beinn |
beinnean |
beinn |
beinnean |
beinnean |
|
Úig |
Na h-úige |
Úig |
Úig |
Úigean |
Úig |
Úigean |
Úigean |
|
scillin |
scilline |
scillin |
scillin |
scillineadh |
scillin |
scillineadh |
scillineadh |
|
naigin |
naigine |
naigin |
naigin |
naigineadh |
naigin |
naigineadh |
naigineadh |
|
Abhainn |
Abhainne |
Abhainn |
Abhainn |
Abhainneadh/Abhannadh |
Abhainn |
Abhainneadh/Abhannadh |
Abhainneadh/Abhannadh |
Third Declension
· Either masculine or feminine
· Gen. singular ends in –a or –e
· Gen. Singular is formed by
(a) -a, for a slender consonant in nom. singular
(b) -a or –e, for a broad consonant in nom. singular
(c) -e, for the rest, usually slender
Category |
Singular |
Plural |
||||||
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Vocative |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Vocative |
|
(a) |
gamhain |
gamhna |
|
|
gamhna |
|
|
|
Míos |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
loch |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
toigh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
troid |
troda |
|
|
troda |
troda |
|
|
|
Tráigh |
trágha |
|
|
trágha |
trágha |
|
|
|
Muir |
mara |
|
|
mara |
mara |
|
|
|
seoladoir |
|
|
|
seoladoirean |
|
|
|
|
fail |
|
|
|
falta |
|
|
|
|
sáil |
|
|
|
sáltan |
|
|
|
|
súil |
|
|
|
Súilean/súile |
|
|
|
|
(b) |
míos |
míosa |
|
|
Míosan |
|
|
|
maistreadh |
maistirte |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Briseadh |
briste |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Más |
mása |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Olann |
Olla (olna) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
míos |
míosa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loch, locha |
locha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(c) |
toigh |
toighe |
toigh |
|
toighean |
Toighean |
|
|
tír |
tíre |
tír |
|
Tír(t)ean |
Tír(t)ean |
|
|
|
Bóitheach, bóithigh |
|
bóithigh |
|
|
|
|
|
Fourth Declension
· The singular (which ends in a vowel) is unchanged except lá (lae)
· Plural endings are –n; -an; or –chan; -achan
Singular |
Plural |
||||||
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Vocative |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Vocative |
báta |
báta |
|
|
bátan |
Bátan |
|
|
bogha |
bogha |
|
|
boghachan |
boghachan |
|
|
eala |
eala |
|
|
ealachan |
ealachan |
|
|
claidhmhe |
claidhmhe |
|
|
claidhmheachan |
claidhmheachan |
|
|
oidhche |
oidhche |
|
|
oidhchean |
oidhchean |
|
|
baile |
baile |
|
|
bailtean |
bailtean |
|
|
bliadhna |
bliadhna |
|
|
Blianta(n) |
blianta(n) |
|
|
duine |
Duine |
|
|
daoine |
Daoine |
|
|
lá |
lae |
|
|
láithean |
láithean |
|
|
fanca |
fancaigh |
|
|
Fancann |
|
|
|
Coisidhe |
Coisidhe |
|
|
Coisidhthe |
Coisidhthe |
|
|
Stócaigh |
Stócaigh |
|
|
Stócaighthe |
Stócaighthe |
|
|
urnaighe |
urnaighe |
|
|
urnaighthe |
urnaighthe |
|
|
Fifth Declension
· Two stems: Shorter in the nom. Singular, longer in other cases
· Gen. singular usually ends in a broad vowel
Category |
Singular |
Plural |
||||||
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Vocative |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Vocative |
|
(a) |
caora |
caorach |
|
|
caoraigh |
Caorach |
|
|
fiagar |
fiagrach |
|
|
fiagraigh |
fiagrach |
|
|
|
sceir |
sceireach |
|
|
|
sceireach |
|
|
|
Liugha |
|
|
|
liughach |
|
|
|
|
crúdha |
|
|
|
crúitheach |
|
|
|
|
(b) |
teine |
Teineadh |
teinidh |
|
|
|
|
|
Móin(e) |
mónadh |
Móineadh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
uamha |
uamhadh |
uamhaidh |
|
Uamhachan |
|
|
|
|
Ealaidh |
ealadh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
leabaidh |
|
leabaidh |
|
Leabthaidh, leapaidh |
|
|
|
|
mala |
|
Malaidh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
coille |
|
coillidh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
teanga |
|
teangaidh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(c) |
Talamh |
Talmhan/sealbhan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
abhainn |
Abhann |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(d) |
Athair |
Athair |
|
|
Aithrean |
|
Aithrean |
Aithrean |
Máthair |
Máthair |
|
|
Máithrean |
|
Máithrean |
Máithrean |
|
bráthair |
bráthair |
|
|
bráithrean |
|
bráithrean |
bráithrean |
|
piúr |
peathar |
|
|
peathran |
|
peathran |
peathran |
Irregular Nouns
Singular |
Plural |
||||||
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Vocative |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Vocative |
bean |
mná |
|
|
mnán |
ban |
|
|
bó |
bó |
|
|
ba |
Bó/ba |
|
|
Cú |
|
|
|
coin |
|
|
|
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